Africa Internet Management Body Again Corruption

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Map showing countries and territories according to the Corruption Perception Index, 2021, in ascending lodge.

Score higher than 89  Score equal to or betwixt 80 and 89  Score equal to or between 70 and 79  Score equal to or between 60 and 69  Score equal to or between l and 59  Score equal to or between 40 and 49

Score equal to or betwixt 30 and 39  Score equal to or betwixt 20 and 29  Score equal to or between 10 and 19  Score less than ten  Data unavailable

The Abuse Perceptions Alphabetize (CPI) is an index which ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector^[1] corruption, as adamant by skilful assessments and opinion surveys."^[2] The CPI by and large defines abuse equally an "abuse of entrusted ability for individual gain".^[3] The index is published annually by the non-governmental organization Transparency International since 1995.

The 2021 CPI, published in Jan 2022, currently ranks 180 countries "on a scale from 100 (very make clean) to 0 (highly corrupt)" based on the situation between May 2020 and May 2021.^[4] Denmark, New Zealand, Finland, Singapore, and Sweden are perceived equally being the to the lowest degree corrupt nations in the earth, ranking consistently high among international financial transparency, while the most perceived corrupt countries in the earth are Syria, Somalia, and South Sudan, respectively scoring 13 and xi out of 100 in 2021.^[5]

Methods

Transparency International commissioned the Academy of Passau'due south Johann Graf Lambsdorff to produce the CPI.^[half-dozen] The 2012 CPI takes into account 16 different surveys and assessments from 12 different institutions.^[7] The 13 surveys/assessments are either business people opinion surveys or performance assessments from a group of analysts.^[3] Early CPIs used public opinion surveys.^[8] The institutions are:^[9]

• African Development Banking company (based in Côte d'Ivoire)
• Bertelsmann Foundation (based in Germany)
• Economist Intelligence Unit (based in the Britain)
• Freedom Business firm (based in the Us)
• Global Insight (based in Us)
• International Constitute for Management Development (based in Switzerland)
• Political and Economic Hazard Consultancy (based in Hong Kong)
• The PRS Group, Inc., (based in the U.s.a.)
• World Economic Forum
• World Bank
• World Justice Project (based in Us)

Countries demand to be evaluated by at least iii sources to announced in the CPI.^[8] The CPI measures perception of corruption due to the difficulty of measuring absolute levels of corruption.^[10]

Validity

A study published in 2002 constitute a "very strong significant correlation" between the Corruption Perceptions Alphabetize and ii other proxies for corruption: black market action and an glut of regulation.^[11]

All three metrics also had a highly pregnant correlation with real gross domestic production per capita (RGDP/Cap); the Abuse Perceptions Index correlation with RGDP/Cap was the strongest, explaining over three fourths of the variance.^[eleven] (Annotation that a lower on this calibration reflects greater corruption, so that countries with higher RGDPs generally had less corruption.)

Alex Cobham of the Center for Global Development reported in 2013 that "many of the staff and chapters" at Transparency International, the publisher of the Abuse Perceptions Index, "protest internally" over concerns nearly the alphabetize. The original creator of the index, Johann Graf Lambsdorff, withdrew from piece of work on the alphabetize in 2009, stating "In 1995 I invented the Corruption Perceptions Index and take orchestrated information technology ever since, putting TI on the spotlight of international attention. In August 2009 I have informed Cobus de Swardt, Managing Director of TI, that I am no longer available for doing the Corruption Perceptions Alphabetize."^[12]

Economical implications

Research papers published in 2007 and 2008 examined the economic consequences of abuse perception, as defined by the CPI. The researchers found a correlation between a college CPI and higher long-term economic growth,^[13] equally well equally an increase in Gdp growth of 1.vii% for every unit increase in a country'due south CPI score.^[xiv] Likewise shown was a power-law dependence linking higher CPI score to college rates of strange investment in a country.

Rankings

Legend:

Scores	Perceived as less decadent					Perceived equally more corrupt
	99–xc	89–80	79–seventy	69–60	59–50	49–40	39-30	29–20	19–10	9–0

2012–2021

Corruption Perceptions Index table:^[15]

#	Nation or Territory	2021[v]		2020[xvi]		2019[17]		2018[xviii]		2017[19]		2016[20]		2015[21]		2014[22]		2013[23]		2012[24]
		Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score	Δ	Score
ane	Denmark	88		88	1	87	one	88		88	2	90	1	91	1	92	i	91	1	90
1	New Zealand	88		88	i	87		87	2	89	i	xc	i	91		91		91	1	90
1	Republic of finland	88	3	85	1	86	1	85		85	four	89	1	90	1	89		89	1	90
4	Singapore	85		85		85		85	1	84		84	1	85	1	84	2	86	1	87
4	Sweden	85		85		85		85	1	84	4	88	1	89	2	87	ii	89	1	88
7	Switzerland	84	ane	85		85		85		85	one	86		86		86	1	85	i	86
4	Kingdom of norway	85	1	84		84		84	one	85		85	2	87	1	86		86	i	85
8	Netherlands	82		82		82		82		82	1	83	4	87	iv	83		83	1	84
10	Germany	80		eighty		lxxx		80	1	81		81		81	2	79	one	78	1	79
nine	Luxembourg	81	one	fourscore		eighty	1	81	one	82	1	81		81	1	82	ii	80		eighty
18	Australia	73	4	77		77		77		77	ii	79		79	1	80	1	81	iv	85
xiii	Canada	74	3	77		77	4	81	1	82		82	1	83	ii	81		81	three	84
12	Hong Kong	76	ane	77	i	76		76	1	77		77	two	75	1	74	1	75	2	77
11	United Kingdom	78	1	77		77	three	80	2	82	1	81		81	3	78	2	76	2	74
13	Republic of austria	74	ii	76	1	77	1	76	one	75		75	i	76	4	72	3	69		69
18	Kingdom of belgium	73	iii	76	1	75		75		75	2	77		77	one	76	1	75		75
13	Estonia	74	1	75	1	74	ane	73	2	71	1	seventy		70	1	69	ane	68	4	64
13	Iceland	74	1	75	3	78	ii	76	ane	77	ane	78	1	79		79	one	78	4	82
18	Japan	73	one	74	1	73		73		73	1	72	iii	75	one	76	two	74		74
13	Republic of ireland	74	ii	72	2	74	1	73	1	74	1	73	2	75	1	74	ii	72	three	69
24	United Arab Emirates	69	two	71		71	1	70	one	71	v	66	four	seventy		70	1	69	i	68
18	Uruguay	73	ii	71		71	one	70		70	ane	71	3	74	1	73		73	1	72
22	French republic	71	i	69		69	three	72	two	70	one	69	1	70	ane	69	2	71		71
25	Kingdom of bhutan	68		68		68		68	1	67	two	65		65		65	2	63		63
27	Republic of chile	67		67		67		67		67	1	66	4	70	3	73	2	71	1	72
27	U.s.a.	67		67	ii	69	2	71	4	75	1	74	2	76	two	74	1	73		73
23	Seychelles	seventy	4	66		66		66	half dozen	60	v			55		55	ane	54	ii	52
25	Taiwan	68	two	65		65	2	63		63	2	61	1	62	ane	61		61		61
29	Barbados	65	1	64	2	62	six	68		68	vii	61				74	1	75	1	76
xxx	Bahamas	64	1	63	ane	64	1	65		65	1	66				71		71		71
31	Qatar	63		63	1	62		62	1	63	2	61	10	71	2	69	1	68		68
32	South Korea	62	i	61	2	59	2	57	three	54	1	53	3	56	1	55		55	one	56
32	Portugal	62	ane	61	1	62	two	64	i	63	1	62	1	63		63	1	62	1	63
34	Republic of lithuania	61	1	60		lx	1	59		59		59	two	61	3	58	one	57	three	54
34	Spain	61	1	62		62	iv	58	i	57	1	58		58	two	60	1	59	six	65
45	Republic of botswana	55	5	60	1	61		61		61	1	sixty	3	63		63	1	64	1	65
35	Brunei			lx		60	iii	63	1	62	4	58						60	5	55
36	Israel	59	ane	60		threescore	one	61	i	62	2	64	3	61	1	60	one	61	i	threescore
41	Slovenia	57	three	60		60		60	1	61		61	1	threescore	2	58	1	57	four	61
36	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	59		59		59	1	58		58	two	60				67	5	62		62
39	Cape Verde	58		58		58	i	57	2	55	4	59	4	55	2	57	one	58	2	sixty
39	Costa rica	58	i	57	1	56		56	3	59	ane	58	3	55	1	54	i	53	i	54
52	Cyprus	53	4	57	1	58	1	59	two	57	2	55	6	61	2	63		63	iii	66
36	Latvia	59	2	57	ane	56	2	58		58	1	57	2	55		55	2	53	4	49
45	Georgia	55	1	56		56	ii	58	two	56	1	57	v	52		52	3	49	3	52
42	Poland	56		56	two	58	two	60		60	two	62		62	1	61	one	lx	2	58
42	Saint Lucia	56		56	1	55		55		55	5	60						71		71
45	Dominica	55		55		55	two	57		57	two	59				58		58		58
49	Czechia	54		54	2	56	three	59	2	57	2	55	ane	56	5	51	3	48	1	49
56	Sultanate of oman	52	2	54	2	52		52	eight	44	1	45		45		45	2	47		47
52	Rwanda	53	ane	54	1	53	iii	56	1	55	1	54		54	5	49	4	53		53
52	Grenada	53		53		53	1	52		52	4	56
42	Italy	56	3	53		53	i	52	2	fifty	3	47	three	44	1	43		43	i	42
49	Malta	54	1	53	1	54		54	2	56	1	55	i	56	1	55	1	56	one	57
49	Mauritius	54	1	53	1	52	ane	51	1	50	four	54	1	53	ane	54	2	52	v	57
52	Saudi arabia	53		53		53	4	49		49	3	46	6	52	3	49	iii	46	two	44
62	Malaysia	48	3	51	2	53	6	47		47	2	49	1	l	2	52	2	50	one	49
58	Namibia	49	2	51	1	52	ane	53	2	51	1	52	1	53	iv	49	1	48		48
58	Greece	49	1	50	2	48	3	45	three	48	4	44	2	46	3	43	3	40	4	36
58	Armenia	49		49	7	42	7	35		35	2	33	two	35	two	37	1	36	2	34
58	Jordan	49		49	1	48	1	49	1	48		48	5	53	4	49	4	45	3	48
56	Slovakia	52	two	49	1	50		50		50	one	51		51	1	l	3	47	1	46
82	Belarus	41	6	47	2	45	ane	44		44	4	forty	eight	32	ane	31	2	29	2	31
63	Croatia	47		47		47	ane	48	1	49		49	ii	51	three	48		48	2	46
64	Republic of cuba	46	i	47	1	48	one	47		47		47		47	1	46		46	2	48
66	São Tomé and Príncipe	45	2	47	ane	46		46		46		46	4	42		42		42		42
64	Montenegro	46	1	45		45		45	1	46	1	45	1	44	two	42	2	44	3	41
73	Senegal	43	two	45		45		45		45		45	i	44	1	43	2	41	five	36
78	Republic of bulgaria	42	2	44	1	43	one	42	ane	43	2	41		41	2	43	2	41		41
73	Republic of hungary	43	1	44		44	two	46	1	45	three	48	3	51	3	54		54	1	55
70	Jamaica	44		44	i	43	1	44		44	5	39	two	41	3	38		38		38
66	Romania	45	one	44		44	3	47	1	48		48	2	46	3	43		43	one	44
seventy	Southward Africa	44		44		44	1	43		43	2	45	1	44		44	2	42	i	43
70	Tunisia	44		44	ane	43		43	one	42	1	41	3	38	2	40	1	41		41
73	Ghana	43		43	two	41		41	i	40	iii	43	4	47	one	48	2	46	1	45
85	Maldives	40	three	43	14	29	two	31	2	33	three	36
66	Vanuatu	45	2	43	3	46		46	3	43
96	Argentina	38	4	42	iii	45	5	twoscore	ane	39	iii	36	four	32	ii	34		34	1	35
78	Bahrain	42		42		42	six	36		36	7	43	viii	51	2	49	ane	48	3	51
66	China	45	iii	42	i	41	2	39	two	41	one	40	3	37	1	36	four	40	i	39
73	State of kuwait	43	1	42	2	40	ane	41	two	39	2	41	viii	49	5	44	1	43	ane	44
73	Solomon Islands	43	1	42		42	two	44	five	39	3	42
78	Benin	42	1	41		41	1	40	1	39	3	36	i	37	2	39	3	36		36
87	Republic of guyana	39	two	41	ane	40	three	37	ane	38	iv	34	v	29	1	30	3	27	i	28
96	Lesotho	38	iii	41	ane	40	1	41	1	42	3	39	5	44	5	49		49	4	45
78	Burkina Faso	42	2	40		40	i	41	1	42		42	4	38		38		38		38
85	Republic of india	40		40	ane	41		41	ane	40		xl	2	38		38	2	36		36
87	Morocco	39	one	40	1	41	2	43	3	40	3	37	1	36	3	39	2	37		37
82	Timor-Leste	41	1	forty	2	38	3	35	iii	38	3	35	7	28		28	2	30	iii	33
82	Trinidad and Tobago	41	1	forty		40	1	41		41	vi	35	iv	39	1	38		38	1	39
96	Turkey	38	ii	40	1	39	2	41	ane	40	ane	41	1	42	3	45	5	l	1	49
87	Republic of colombia	39		39	two	37	1	36	i	37		37		37		37	1	36		36
105	Ecuador	36	3	39	one	38	four	34	2	32	1	31	one	32	1	33	2	35	3	32
96	Brazil	38		38	iii	35		35	2	37	iii	forty	2	38	5	43	ane	42	1	43
87	Federal democratic republic of ethiopia	39	i	38	1	37	iii	34	1	35	1	34	one	33		33		33		33
102	Kazakhstan	37	1	38	4	34	3	31		31	two	29	1	28	one	29	3	26	2	28
105	Peru	36	ii	38	two	36	1	35	two	37	two	35	1	36	2	38		38		38
96	Serbia	38		38	1	39		39	2	41	i	42	2	40	one	41	1	42	three	39
102	Sri Lanka	37	1	38		38		38		38	two	36	ane	37	1	38	1	37	three	40
87	Suriname	39	1	38	6	44	one	43	2	41	4	45	9	36		36		36	ane	37
87	Tanzania	39	1	38	1	37	1	36		36	4	32	2	thirty	1	31	ii	33	2	35
102	Gambia	37		37		37		37	seven	30	4	26	2	28	1	29	1	28	6	34
96	Republic of indonesia	38	1	37	3	twoscore	2	38	1	37		37	1	36	2	34	2	32		32
110	Albania	35	1	36	i	35	ane	36	2	38	ane	39	3	36	iii	33	2	31	2	33
117	People's democratic republic of algeria	33	3	36	ane	35		35	2	33	1	34	2	36		36		36	ii	34
105	Cote d'ivoire	36		36	1	35		35	1	36	2	34	2	32		32	5	27	2	29
115	El Salvador	34	two	36	ii	34	1	35	2	33	3	36	3	39		39	1	38		38
87	Kosovo	39	three	36		36	i	37	2	39	3	36	iii	33		33		33	1	34
110	Thailand	35	i	36		36		36	1	37	2	35	3	38		38	iii	35	2	37
87	Vietnam	39	3	36	one	37	four	33	2	35	2	33	two	31		31		31		31
110	Bosnia and Herzegovina	35		35	one	36	2	38		38	one	39	1	38	i	39	three	42		42
110	Mongolia	35		35		35	2	37	1	36	ii	38	ane	39		39	ane	38	2	36
87	North Macedonia	39	4	35		35	2	37	2	35	2	37	5	42	3	45	i	44	1	43
105	Panama	36	1	35	1	36	1	37		37	one	38	one	39	2	37	two	35	iii	38
105	Moldova	36	two	34	two	32	1	33	2	31	i	30	3	33	ii	35		35	1	36
117	Philippines	33	1	34		34	2	36	2	34	1	35		35	3	38	2	36	2	34
117	Egypt	33		33	2	35		35	3	32	ii	34	two	36	one	37	5	32		32
122	Eswatini	32	1	33	i	34	4	38	1	39	iv					43	4	39	2	37
117	Nepal	33		33	one	34	3	31		31	2	29	2	27	2	29	two	31	four	27
115	Sierra Leone	34	1	33		33	3	thirty		xxx		30	1	29	2	31	1	30	i	31
122	Ukraine	32	ane	33	three	30	2	32	2	30	1	29	2	27	1	26	i	25	i	26
117	Zambia	33		33	1	34	1	35	2	37	1	38		38		38		38	1	37
124	Niger	31	1	32		32	2	34	i	33	2	35	1	34	1	35	one	34	ane	33
128	Bolivia	30	1	31		31	2	29	4	33		33	ane	34	1	35	1	34		34
128	Republic of kenya	xxx	1	31	three	28	1	27	i	28	2	26	1	25		25	ii	27		27
144	Kyrgyzstan	27	4	31	1	thirty	1	29		29	1	28		28	1	27	3	24		24
124	United mexican states	31		31	2	29	1	28	one	29	1	xxx	five	35		35	1	34		34
140	Pakistan	28	3	31	1	32	1	33	one	32		32	two	30	1	29	ane	28	one	27
128	Azerbaijan	30		xxx		thirty	5	25	6	31	1	30	1	29		29	one	28	1	27
124	Gabon	31	1	30	1	31		31	1	32	three	35	1	34	3	37	3	34	i	35
110	Republic of malaŵi	35	v	30	one	31	1	32	i	31		31		31	ii	33	four	37		37
136	Republic of mali	29	one	thirty	1	29	iii	32	1	31	1	32	3	35	3	32	four	28	vi	34
136	Russia	29	1	30	2	28		28	1	29		29		29	ii	27	ane	28		28
128	Lao people's democratic republic	30	i	29		29		29		29	1	30	5	25		25	1	26	v	21
140	Mauritania	28	ane	29	1	28	1	27	1	28	i	27	4	31	1	xxx		30	i	31
128	Togo	30	one	29		29	1	30	ii	32		32		32	3	29		29	one	30
128	Dominican Democracy	thirty	2	28		28	two	30	1	29	2	31	2	33	i	32	3	29	3	32
136	Liberia	29	one	28		28	four	32	ane	31	half-dozen	37		37		37	1	38	3	41
140	Myanmar	28		28	1	29		29	one	thirty	2	28	six	22	1	21		21	half-dozen	xv
128	Paraguay	30	two	28		28	1	29		29	1	xxx	three	27	3	24		24	i	25
136	Angola	29	2	27	i	26	7	19		19	1	18	3	15	4	19	4	23	1	22
128	Republic of djibouti	xxx	3	27	3	30	1	31		31	1	30	4	34		34	two	36		36
124	Papua New Guinea	31	4	27	1	28		28	1	29	one	28	3	25		25		25		25
140	Uzbekistan	28	ii	26	1	25	2	23	ane	22	1	21	2	19	ane	18	1	17		17
144	Uganda	27		27	1	28	2	26		26	one	25		25	1	26		26	3	29
144	Cameroon	27	2	25		25		25		25	1	26	ane	27		27	ii	25	1	26
147	Bangladesh	26		26		26		26	ii	28	2	26	1	25		25	two	27	1	26
147	Republic of madagascar	26	1	25	ane	24	one	25	1	24	ii	26	2	28		28		28	4	32
147	Mozambique	26	1	25	one	26	three	23	ii	25	2	27	4	31		31	one	30	1	31
150	Guinea	25	three	28	1	29	1	28	ane	27		27	2	25		25	1	24		24
150	Guatemala	25		25	1	26	1	27	1	28		28		28	4	32	3	29	iv	33
150	Islamic republic of iran	25		25	1	26	2	28	2	30	ane	29	2	27		27	2	25	three	28
150	Tajikistan	25		25		25		25	iv	21	4	25	ane	26	iii	23	1	22		22
154	Fundamental African Republic	24	2	26	1	25	1	26	3	23	three	20	4	24		24	one	25	1	26
154	Lebanese republic	24	1	25	three	28		28		28		28		28	1	27	1	28	2	30
154	Nigeria	24	i	25	1	26	1	27		27	1	28	ii	26	1	27	two	25	2	27
157	Republic of honduras	23	1	24	ii	26	3	29		29	one	30	1	31	2	29	3	26	2	28
157	Iraq	23	2	21	1	twenty	two	18		18	1	17	1	16		sixteen		16	ii	xviii
157	Cambodia	23	2	21	1	twenty		20	1	21		21		21		21	1	twenty	2	22
157	Zimbabwe	23	i	24		24	2	22		22		22	i	21		21		21	i	20
161	Eritrea	22	one	21	ii	23	one	24	4	20	2	18		18		18	ii	20	5	25
162	Congo-brazzaville	21	two	19		xix		19	2	21	1	xx	iii	23		23	1	22	4	26
162	Guinea-Bissau	21	two	19	ane	18	ix	28	one	27	eleven	xvi	1	17	two	19		19	6	25
164	Comoros	20	1	21	4	25	2	27		27	iii	24	2	26		26	2	28		28
164	Haiti	20	2	18		18	2	20	two	22	2	20	three	17	ii	19		19		19
164	Nicaragua	20	ii	22		22	3	25	ane	26		26	1	27	1	28		28	1	29
164	Sudan	20	two	16		16		16		16	ii	14	2	12	i	11		xi	2	13
164	Chad	20	1	21	1	20	ane	19	1	20		twenty	two	22		22	3	xix		19
165	Republic of burundi	19		19		19	two	17	five	22	2	20	1	21	1	xx	1	21	2	nineteen
162	Democratic Republic of the Congo	21	three	18		18	one	19	ii	21		21	1	22		22		22	1	21
169	Turkmenistan	19		19		nineteen	ane	xx	1	nineteen	3	22	4	eighteen	one	17		17		17
172	Republic of equatorial guinea	17	1	16		16		16	1	17	2							19	i	20
172	Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya	17		17	ane	eighteen	1	17		17	three	xiv	ii	16	2	18	3	15	6	21
174	Afghanistan	16	3	19	3	16		16	1	15		15	iv	xi	one	12	4	eight		8
174	North Korea	xvi	ii	18	1	17	3	14	3	17	9	8		8		8		8		8
174	Republic of yemen	16	i	fifteen		xv	1	14	two	16	2	14	iv	18	1	19	1	18	5	23
177	Venezuela	xiv	1	fifteen	1	16	2	xviii		18	1	17		17	2	19	1	twenty	ane	19
178	Somalia	thirteen	1	12	3	9	1	ten	one	9	one	10	two	8		8		eight		8
178	Syria	13	i	14	1	xiii		13	1	14	1	thirteen	5	18	ii	twenty	3	17	9	26
180	South Sudan	11	1	12		12	1	13	1	12	1	11	4	15		xv	1	14

2011

The 20 summit countries or regions that were ranked as having the lowest perceived levels of corruption were (note scale of 10 to ane):

#	Country	Score	#	Country/Region	Score
1	New Zealand	nine.five	11	Grand duchy of luxembourg	8.5
2	Denmark	ix.4	12	Hong Kong	viii.4
	Republic of finland		13	Iceland	8.three
4	Sweden	9.3	xiv	Germany	8.0
5	Singapore	9.2		Nippon
6	Norway	9.0	16	Austria	7.eight
7	Netherlands	eight.ix		Espana
8	Australia	8.viii		United kingdom
	Switzerland		19	Belgium	7.5
10	Canada	eight.7		Republic of ireland
Source:[25]

The 20 bottom countries that were ranked every bit having the highest perceived levels of corruption were:

#	State	Score	#	Land	Score
182	Somalia	1.0	172	Equatorial Republic of guinea	one.9
	North korea			Burundi
180	Myanmar	1.v	168	Libya	two.0
	Afghanistan			DR Congo
177	Uzbekistan	1.6		Chad
	Turkmenistan			Angola
	Sudan		164	Yemen	2.ane
175	Iraq	ane.8		Kyrgyz republic
	Haiti			Republic of guinea
172	Venezuela	one.9		Cambodia
Source:[25]

2010

The 20 elevation countries or regions that were ranked as having the lowest perceived levels of corruption were (note scale of x downwards to one):

#	Country	Score	#	Country/Region	Score
1	Denmark	9.iii	eleven	Iceland	8.v
	New Zealand			Luxembourg
	Singapore		13	Hong Kong	8.4
iv	Republic of finland	9.2	14	Ireland	8.0
	Sweden		15	Austria	7.nine
vi	Canada	8.9		Germany
7	Netherlands	8.8	17	Spain	7.8
8	Australia	8.7		Japan
	Switzerland		19	Qatar	7.seven
ten	Norway	8.6	20	United kingdom	vii.six
Source:[26]

The 20 bottom countries that were ranked equally having the highest perceived levels of corruption were:

#	Country	Score	#	Country	Score
178	Somalia	1.i	168	Republic of angola	one.nine
176	Myanmar	i.4	164	Venezuela	2.0
	Afghanistan			Kyrgyzstan
175	Iraq	1.5		Guinea
172	Uzbekistan	1.6		DR Congo
	Turkmenistan		159	Tajikistan	2.1
	Sudan			Russia
171	Republic of chad	i.7		Papua New Guinea
170	Republic of burundi	1.8		Laos
168	Equatorial Guinea	1.ix		Kenya
Source:[26]

Assessments

The Alphabetize was methodologically criticized in the past,^[27] i.east. questioned based on its methodology.

According to political scientist Dan Hough, three flaws in the Index include:^[28]

• Corruption is too circuitous a concept to be captured past a single score. For example, the nature of corruption in rural Kansas volition be unlike from that in the city assistants of New York, yet the Index measures them in the same fashion.
• Past measuring perceptions of abuse, as opposed to corruption itself, the Index may simply be reinforcing existing stereotypes and cliches.
• The Index only measures public sector corruption, ignoring the private sector. This, for example, means the well-publicized Libor scandal or the VW emissions scandal are not counted as corrupt actions.

Media outlets often utilise the raw numbers as a yardstick for authorities performance, without clarifying what the numbers mean. The local Transparency International chapter in People's republic of bangladesh disowned the index results after a change in methodology caused the country's scores to increase; media reported it as an "comeback".^[29]

In a 2013 article in Foreign Policy, Alex Cobham suggested that CPI should be dropped for the practiced of Transparency International. It argues that the CPI embeds a powerful and misleading aristocracy bias in popular perceptions of abuse, potentially contributing to a vicious cycle and at the same fourth dimension incentivizing inappropriate policy responses. Cobham writes, "the index corrupts perceptions to the extent that it's hard to meet a justification for its continuing publication."^[30]

However, recent econometric analyses that have exploited the beingness of natural experiments on the level of corruption and compared the CPI with other subjective indicators have found that, while not perfect, the CPI is argued to be broadly consistent with one-dimensional measures of abuse.^[31]

In the Us, many lawyers advise international businesses to consult the CPI when attempting to measure the risk of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations in dissimilar nations. This practice has been criticized past the Minnesota Journal of International Constabulary, which wrote that since the CPI may be subject to perceptual biases it therefore should non be considered by lawyers to be a mensurate of actual national abuse risk.^[32]

Transparency International as well publishes the Global Corruption Barometer, which ranks countries by corruption levels using direct surveys instead of perceived expert opinions, which has been under criticism for substantial bias from the powerful elite.^[30]

Transparency International has warned that a country with a make clean CPI score may still be linked to corruption internationally. For instance, while Sweden had the 3rd best CPI score in 2015, ane of its state-owned companies, TeliaSonera, was facing allegations of bribery in Uzbekistan.^[33]

See also

• Global Peace Alphabetize
• Republic Index
• Listing of freedom indices

References

1. ^ "Corruption Perception Index". transparency.org . Retrieved 28 Jan 2020.
2. ^ Transparency International (2011). "Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. Transparency International. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 1 Dec 2011.
3. ^ ^{a b} CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 2
4. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index 2021". Transparency International.
5. ^ ^{a b} "CPI 2021". Transparency International. Retrieved 25 Jan 2022.
6. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions: TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI 2005)". Retrieved 22 November 2005.
7. ^ CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 1
8. ^ ^{a b} CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 7
9. ^ Transparency International (2010). Corruption Perceptions Index 2010: Sources of data (PDF) (Report). Transparency International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 24 Baronial 2011.
10. ^ Transparency International (2010). "Frequently asked questions (FAQs)". Corruption Perceptions Index 2010. Transparency International. Archived from the original on ii September 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
11. ^ ^{a b} Wilhelm, Paul G. (2002). "International Validation of the Corruption Perceptions Index: Implications for Business Ethics and Entrepreneurship Educational activity". Journal of Business Ethics. Springer Netherlands. 35 (iii): 177–189. doi:10.1023/A:1013882225402. S2CID 151245049.
12. ^ Cobham, Alex (23 July 2013). "Corrupting Perceptions: Why Transparency International'south Flagship Corruption Index Falls Brusque". world wide web.cgdev.org.
13. ^ Shao, J.; Ivanov, P. C.; Podobnik, B.; Stanley, H. E. (2007). "Quantitative relations betwixt corruption and economic factors". The European Physical Periodical B. 56 (2): 157. arXiv:0705.0161. Bibcode:2007EPJB...56..157S. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2007-00098-2. S2CID 2357298.
14. ^ Podobnik, B.; Shao, J.; Njavro, D.; Ivanov, P. C.; Stanley, H. E. (2008). "Influence of corruption on economical growth rate and foreign investment". The European Physical Journal B. 63 (4): 547. arXiv:0710.1995. Bibcode:2008EPJB...63..547P. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2008-00210-ii. S2CID 3038265.
15. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index (latest)". Transparency International. Retrieved 25 Jan 2022.
16. ^ "CPI 2020". Transparency International. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
17. ^ "CPI 2019". Transparency International. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
18. ^ "CPI 2018". Transparency International. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
19. ^ "CPI 2017". Transparency International. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
20. ^ "CPI 2016". Transparency International. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
21. ^ "CPI 2015". Transparency International. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
22. ^ "CPI 2014". Transparency International. Retrieved 16 Dec 2014.
23. ^ "CPI 2013". Transparency International. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
24. ^ "CPI 2012". Transparency International. Retrieved xvi December 2014.
25. ^ ^{a b} Abuse Perceptions Index 2011. Full table and rankings Archived 10 August 2012 at the Wayback Auto. Transparency International. Retrieved: four Dec 2013.
26. ^ ^{a b} Corruption Perceptions Index 2010. Full table and rankings Archived 22 January 2014 at archive.today. Transparency International. Retrieved: 4 December 2013.
27. ^ "Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Alphabetize: Whose Perceptions Are They Anyway?" (PDF). 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on nineteen April 2020.
28. ^ Hough, Dan (27 January 2016). "Here'south this year'southward (flawed) Corruption Perception Index. Those flaws are useful". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
29. ^ Werve, Jonathan (23 September 2008). "TI's Index: Local Chapter Not Having It". Global Integrity. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013.
30. ^ ^{a b} Cobham, Alex (22 July 2013). "Corrupting Perceptions". Foreign Policy.
31. ^ Hamilton, Alexander (2017). "Can We Measure the Power of the Grabbing Paw? A Comparative Assay of Different Indicators of Corruption" (PDF). Earth Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series.
32. ^ Campbell, Stuart Vincent. "Perception is Not Reality: The FCPA, Brazil, and the Mismeasurement of Corruption" 22 Minnesota Journal of International Law 1, p. 247 (2013).
33. ^ CPI index 2015. Accessed 3 February 2016.

External links

• Official site
• Transparency International (2010). Corruption Perceptions Index 2010: Long methodological brief (PDF) (Study). Transparency International. Archived from the original (PDF) on three December 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
• Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
• Interactive world map of the Corruption Perception Index: 2000-2008
• A Users' Guide to Measuring Corruption critiques the CPI and similar indices.
• Global Integrity Index
• List of Global Development Indexes and Rankings

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index

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